A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part I. The Atmospheric Circulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syukuro Manabe ◽  
Kirk Bryan ◽  
Michael J. Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

scholarly journals Development, Amplification, and Decay of Atlantic/European Summer Weather Patterns Linked to Spring North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 5939-5951
Author(s):  
Albert Ossó ◽  
Rowan Sutton ◽  
Len Shaffrey ◽  
Buwen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA recent study identified a relationship between North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in spring and a specific pattern of atmospheric circulation in the following summer: the summer east Atlantic (SEA) pattern. It was shown that the SEA pattern is closely associated with meridional shifts in the eddy-driven jet in response to anomalous SST gradients. In this study, the physical mechanisms underlying this relationship are investigated further. It is shown that the predictable SEA pattern anomalies appear in June–July and undergo substantial amplification between July and August before decaying in September. The associated SST anomalies also grow in magnitude and spatial extent from June to August. The question of why the predictable atmospheric anomalies should occur in summer is addressed, and three factors are identified. The first is the climatological position of the storm track, which migrates poleward from spring to summer. The second is that the magnitude of interannual SST variability underlying the storm track peaks in summer, both in absolute terms, and relative to the underlying mean SST gradient. The third factor is the most interesting. We identify a positive coupled ocean–atmosphere feedback, which operates in summer and leads to the amplification of both SST and atmospheric circulation anomalies. The extent to which the identified processes are captured in the HadGEM3-GC2 climate model is also assessed. The model is able to capture the relationship between spring North Atlantic SSTs and subsequent ocean–atmosphere conditions in early summer, but the relationship is too weak. The results suggest that the real world might be more predictable than is inferred from the models.

A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part II. The Oceanic Circulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Bryan ◽  
Syukuro Manabe ◽  
Ronald C. Pacanowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

scholarly journals Using Eulerian and Lagrangian Approaches to Investigate Wind-Driven Changes in the Southern Ocean Abyssal Circulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Spence ◽  
Erik van Sebille ◽  
Oleg A. Saenko ◽  
Matthew H. England
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Lagrangian Particle ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Abyssal Circulation ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Ocean Wind

Abstract This study uses a global ocean eddy-permitting climate model to explore the export of abyssal water from the Southern Ocean and its sensitivity to projected twenty-first-century poleward-intensifying Southern Ocean wind stress. The abyssal flow pathways and transport are investigated using a combination of Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques. In an Eulerian format, the equator- and poleward flows within similar abyssal density classes are increased by the wind stress changes, making it difficult to explicitly diagnose changes in the abyssal export in a meridional overturning circulation framework. Lagrangian particle analyses are used to identify the major export pathways of Southern Ocean abyssal waters and reveal an increase in the number of particles exported to the subtropics from source regions around Antarctica in response to the wind forcing. Both the Lagrangian particle and Eulerian analyses identify transients as playing a key role in the abyssal export of water from the Southern Ocean. Wind-driven modifications to the potential energy component of the vorticity balance in the abyss are also found to impact the Southern Ocean barotropic circulation.

Improved air–sea flux algorithms in an ocean–atmosphere coupled model for simulation of global ocean SST and its tropical Pacific variability

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Ma ◽  
Xiaobing Zhou ◽  
Daohua Bi ◽  
Zhian Sun ◽  
Anthony C. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

scholarly journals The FAMOUS climate model (versions XFXWB and XFHCC): description update to version XDBUA

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3047-3065
Author(s):  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere General Circulation Model ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. FAMOUS is an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model of low resolution, based on version 4.5 of the UK MetOffice Unified Model. Here we update the model description to account for changes in the model as it is used in the CMIP5 EMIC model intercomparison project (EMICmip) and a number of other studies. Most of these changes correct errors found in the code. The EMICmip version of the model (XFXWB) has a better-conserved water budget and additional cooling in some high latitude areas, but otherwise has a similar climatology to previous versions of FAMOUS. A variant of XFXWB is also described, with changes to the dynamics at the top of the model which improve the model climatology (XFHCC).

scholarly journals Achieving realistic Arctic-midlatitude teleconnections in a climate model through stochastic process representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Strommen ◽  
Stephan Juricke
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Stochastic Perturbations ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Winter Circulation

Abstract. The extent to which interannual variability in Arctic sea ice influences the midlatitude circulation has been extensively debated. While observational data supports the existence of a teleconnection between November sea ice in the Barents-Kara region and the subsequent winter circulation, climate models do not consistently reproduce such a link, with only very weak inter-model consensus. We show, using the EC-Earth3 climate model, that while a deterministic ensemble of coupled simulations shows no evidence of such a teleconnection, the inclusion of stochastic parameterizations to the ocean and sea ice component of EC-Earth3 results in the emergence of a robust teleconnection comparable in magnitude to that observed. We show that this can be accounted for entirely by an improved ice-ocean-atmosphere coupling due to the stochastic perturbations. In particular, the inconsistent signal in existing climate model studies may be due to model biases in surface coupling, with stochastic parameterizations being one possible remedy.

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